Observational Studies in Male Elite Football: A Systematic Mixed Study Review

Objective: This systematic mixed study review, focuses on the use of observation methodology in elite men's football matches, which constitutes an innovative approach, that opens up a new panorama of useful and productive research. Method: The methods used in this study follow the recommendations for systematic reviews and meta-analysis guidelines (PRISMA). The search was carried out in five databases. Ninety-four articles out of 3,195 were selected and analyzed. In order to achieve a quality assessment, the guide was used to inform evaluations based on observation methodology (GREOM) (Portell et al., 2015), recognized by the EQUATOR network. Results: From the methodological review analysis, information obtained indicates that 97% of the researches used direct observation and 3% indirect observation. On the other hand, 56.5% of the articles explain the instrument used and 77% justify the applied observational design. A quantitative comparison of the proportions was made in several methodological aspects, which resulted in only 15.21% reviewing the quality of the data, and that 67.3% of the articles contributed to the mixed methods approach. The methodological review allowed us to establish procedural profiles. The results indicate that 67% of the articles have been published in English, and of these, 77% were published in journals that have an impact factor. The majority of the researchers, 53.26%, belong to Spanish entities. The most studied substantive aspects were goal (34%), possession of the ball (28%), and corner (27%). The most observed events were Leagues, World Cups, individual players and other events. Conclusions: The results obtained refer to both substantive and methodological aspects and allow us to configure a systematic review of mixed studies, in which we emphasize the aspects of a "systematic review" and a "mixed study," within an integrated perspective

Detection and Selection of Behavioral Patterns Using Theme: A Concrete Example in Grassroots Soccer

Observational methodology provides a rigorous yet flexible framework for capturing behaviors over time to allow for the performance of subsequent diachronic analyses of the data captured. Theme is a specialized software program that detects hidden temporal behavioral patterns (T-patterns) within data sets. It is increasingly being used to analyze performance in soccer and other sports. The aim of this study was to show how to select and interpret T-patterns generated by the application of three “quantitative” sort options in Theme and three “qualitative” filters established by the researchers. These will be used to investigate whether 7-a-side (F7) or 8-a-side (F8) soccer is best suited to the learning and skills development needs of 7- and 8-year-old male soccer players. The information contained in the T-patterns generated allowed us to characterize patterns of play in children in this age group. For both formats, we detected technical-tactical behaviors showing that children of this age have difficulty with first-touch actions and controlling the ball after a throw-in. We also found that ball control followed by a pass or a shot at the goal are common in the central corridor of the pitch. Further, depth of play is achieved by ball control, followed by dribbling and a pass or shot. In F8, we saw that depth of play was achieved through ball control, followed by dribbling and passing of one or more opponents leading to a pass or shot. However, in F7, we saw that players succeeded in advancing from their goal area to the rival goal area through a sequence of actions.Secretaria de Estado de Investigacion, Desarrollo e Innovacion del Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad DEP2015-66069-P Avances metodologicos y tecnologicos en el estudio observacional del comportamiento deportivo (Secretaria de Estado de Investigacion, Desarrollo e Innovacion del Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad) PSI2015-71947-REDT University of La RiojaPeer Reviewe

Analysis of diachronic relationships in successful and unsuccessful behaviors by world fencing champions using three complementary techniques

The aim of this study was to investigate diachronic relationships in successful and unsuccessful behaviors by world fencing champions using three complementary techniques: T-pattern analysis, lag sequential analysis, and polar coordinate analysis. We employed a nomothetic, point, multidimensional observational design in which we analyzed 24 bouts fenced by six world fencing champions in 2014. The actions were recorded and coded using LINCE software. The results revealed a series of behaviors that were significantly associated with successful outcomes, and also identified actions that contributed to poorer performance. One key conclusion to be drawn from the study is that the use of these complementary techniques is perfectly feasible and holds great potential in the field of sport. Lag sequen tial analysis of occurrences at lag 0 (co-occurrences) and analysis of basic T-patterns provided tactical insights into the different fencing actions em ployed. This analysis is focused on the actions and reactions of each fencer and his rival during each exchange. Insights into combat strategy, by con trast, were provided by lag sequential analysis of occurrences at lags -1 to -5 and lags +1 to +5, analysis of T-pattern clusters, and polar coordinate analysis. In the last case, we observed how prospective and retrospective behaviors, reflected in the modification or extension of certain behaviors during each bout, improved the efficacy of actions performed throughout the competition.El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar las posibles relaciones diacrónicas en las conductas de éxito y fracaso en campeones del mundo de esgrima desde tres técnicas analíticas complementarias: detección de T patterns, análisis secuencial de retardos y análisis de coordenadas polares. Se utilizó un diseño observacional nomotético, puntual y multidimensional en el registro de 24 asaltos de los seis esgrimistas campeones del mundo de 2014. Se utilizó como instrumento de registro el software LINCE. Los resul tados revelaron una serie de comportamientos que estaban estadísticamente asociados con la mejora del rendimiento deportivo y también se identifica ron acciones que contribuyeron a empeorarlo. Una de las principales con clusiones que pueden extraerse de este estudio es que el uso de estas técni cas complementarias de análisis es perfectamente factible y tiene un gran potencial en el ámbito del deporte. El análisis secuencial en el retardo 0 (co ocurrencias) y de las configuraciones básicas de los T-patterns proporcionan conocimientos tácticos sobre las diferentes acciones de esgrima empleadas. Este análisis se produce en el marco de la interacción entre las técnicas eje cutadas por cada tirador y su rival en cada acción del asalto. El análisis se cuencial en los retardos -1 a -5 y +1 a +5, las agrupaciones de clusters de los T-patterns y el análisis de coordenadas polares contribuyen al análisis de la estrategia de combate. En este caso, se observaron cómo las conductas prospectivas y retrospectivas determinaron la consolidación o modificación de ciertos comportamientos durante cada asalto, con el fin de mejorar la eficacia de las acciones realizadas a lo largo de toda la competiciónCiencias de la Actividad Física y del Deport

Fútbol: efectos de una unidad didáctica en la iniciación temprana

La iniciación temprana en el fútbol, que ya es habitual, ha justificado propuestas de adaptación que pretenden facilitar el primer contacto del niño con este deporte. Los especialistas coinciden en señalar al fútbol 3 como la propuesta de juego más recomendable en la iniciación al fútbol, al ser la unidad mínima que permite el desarrollo de todos los principios del juego. El presente trabajo pretende analizar el efecto, en el desempeño técnico del jugador prebenjamín, de una unidad didáctica construida para garantizar el respeto a estos principios, a partir de unas premisas de juego que fomentan la superioridad numérica del equipo en fase ofensiva. Mediante modelos de regresión logística simple se ha analizado la calidad –adaptación (al proceso formativo del niño) y éxito (si implica continuidad del ataque –pase acertado– o supone tiro)– de los contactos técnicos realizados por el jugador de categoría prebenjamín en el juego de fútbol 3, antes y después de la realización de la unidad didáctica. Se ha constatado que la unidad didáctica objeto de estudio mejora la calidad del desempeño técnico del jugador de categoría prebenjamín

Análisis observacional de los movimientos ilegales en la iniciación al ajedrez:: identificando dificultades en el entendimiento del juego

Within the observational methodology, and based on a detailed analysis of FIDE laws of Chess, an observation system has been developed ad hoc for analyzing the illegal moves that children commit in chess. The reliability of the resulting data was confirmed by analysis of interobserver agreement, using Cohen’s kappa statistic. The results of the generalizability study confirmed the generalizability of results and the validity of the observation instrument. A Lag Sequential Analysis was performed to identify significant associations between categorical variables in each of the seven types of illegal movements characterized (castling, pinned, king to threatened square, incorrect movement of piece, promotion, occupation, do not remove check). The results obtained in the analysis of illegal movements, reveal the difficulties that the child finds in the understanding and practice of chess.En el seno de la metodología observacional, y a partir de un pormenorizado análisis del reglamento -Leyes FIDE-, se ha elaborado un sistema de observación ad hoc que permite analizar los movimientos ilegales en el ajedrez de iniciación. La fiabilidad de los datos, en forma de concordancia inter-observadores, se ha garantizado mediante el coeficiente Kappa de Cohen. En el seno de la Teoría de la Generalizabilidad, se han realizado dos planes de medida que han permitido garantizar la generalizabilidad de los resultados obtenidos y la validez del instrumento de observación. Se ha realizado un análisis de residuos ajustados en la búsqueda de relación asociativa entre variables categóricas, en cada uno de los siete tipos de movimientos ilegales caracterizados (enroque; clavada; rey a casilla amenazada; movimiento incorrecto de pieza; promoción del peón; ocupación de casillas; no remover al jaque). Los resultados obtenidos en el análisis de los movimientos ilegales, revelan las dificultades que el niño encuentra en el entendimiento y práctica del ajedrez, constituyendo una valiosa información que contribuya a optimizar el proceso de iniciación de los niños en el ajedrez.Dentro da metodologia observacional, e com base em uma análise detalhada dos regulamentos -Leyes FIDE-, um sistema de observação ad hoc foi desenvolvido para analisar os movimentos ilegais no xadrez de iniciação. A confiabilidade dos dados, na forma de concordância interobservador, foi garantida pelo coeficiente Kappa de Cohen. Dentro da Teoria da Generalização, foram feitos dois planos de medição que asseguraram a generalização dos resultados obtidos e a validade do instrumento de observação. Uma análise dos resíduos ajustados foi feita na busca por uma relação associativa entre variáveis categóricas, em cada um dos sete tipos de movimentos ilegais caracterizados (roque, craving, rei a quadrado ameaçado, movimento incorreto da peça, promoção do peão, ocupação de caixas, não retire o cheque). Os resultados obtidos na análise de movimentos ilegais, revelam as dificuldades que a criança encontra no entendimento e na prática do xadrez, constituindo uma informação valiosa que contribui para otimizar o processo de iniciação das crianças no xadrez

Socioeconomic position and childhood-adolescent weight status in rich countries: a systematic review, 1990–2013

Incluye material complementarioBackground: Childhood obesity is a major problem in rich countries due to its high prevalence and its harmful health consequences. An exploratory analysis conducted in the PubMed database highlighted that the number of papers published on the relationship between socioeconomic position (SEP) and childhood-adolescent weight status had risen substantially with respect to an earlier review which had covered the period 1990–2005. Methods: To describe the findings on the relationship between SEP and childhood-adolescent weight status in papers published in rich countries from 1990 through 2013, studies were identified in the following databases: PubMed; Web of Knowledge (WOK); PsycINFO; Global Health; and Embase. We included observational studies from the 27 richest OECD countries, which covered study populations aged 0 to 21 years, and used parental education, income and/or occupation as family SEP indicators. A total of 158 papers met the inclusion criteria and reported 134 bivariable and 90 multivariable analyses. Results: Examination of the results yielded by the bivariable analyses showed that 60.4 % of studies found an inverse relationship, 18.7 % of studies did not found relationship, and 20.9 % of studies found a relationship that varied depending on another variable, such as age, sex or ethnic group; the corresponding percentages in the multivariable analyses were 51.1, 20.0 and 27.8 %, respectively. Furthermore, 1.1 % found a positive relationship. Conclusion: The relationship between SEP and childhood-adolescent weight status in rich countries is predominantly inverse and the positive relationship almost has disappeared. The SEP indicator that yields the highest proportion of inverse relationships is parents’ education. The proportion of inverse relationships is higher when the weight status is reported by parents instead using objective measurements.This study was conducted thanks to support from the Research Project PI11/00784 “Socioeconomic context of residence area and overweight and obesity childhood” financed by the Ministry of Science and Innovation

7th Drug hypersensitivity meeting: part two

No abstract availabl